Standing in front of the former Willimantic Linen Company’s Mill No. 2 in Willimantic is a smaller stone structure, built in 1866, that once served as the office building housing the company‘s executives and bookkeepers. The building originally had windows with accents of colored glass. The interior featured marble mantels, woodwork of chestnut and walnut, and plaster ceiling moldings. All that survives of the interior finishes today is a marble mantel on the west wall.
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One of the numerous structures that were built for the Willimantic Linen Company (later the American Thread Company) was a Store House & Inspection building. Located east of (and now connected to) Mill No. 2, it was constructed in 1873 and was possibly built by Nathaniel Olin, the builder of both Mill No. 1 and Mill No. 2. It is similar in style to those earlier structures and is similarly constructed of granite gneiss. Used for the storage of skeins and product inspection, the building was originally two stories and had a gable roof. It was doubled in height in 1907 with the addition of two stories, constructed using stone from two demolished company house (built in 1858 and part of what was once called “stone row”). The building was later used for the company’s credit union and health care facility and more recently has contained offices and light manufacturing.
One of the structures that make up the former American Thread Company complex in Willimantic is a former stable, which housed horses, wagons and hay. It was constructed in 1872-1873 by the Willimantic Linen Company, original builder of the mills that were taken over by the American Thread Company in 1898. Like the adjacent mill buildings, No. 1 and No. 2, the stable was constructed of granite gneiss in the Romanesque Revival style. Because the building is located along a slope leading the nearby river bank, the basement level is visible on the south side (facing the river), but not on the north side.
The second major building constructed by the Willimantic Linen Company was Mill No. 2, completed in 1864. The company, founded by Austin Dunham (1805-1877) and Lawson Ives (1804-1867) in 1854, had erected its first mill building in 1857. Like that earlier structure, Mill No. 2 was constructed of gneiss by builder Nathaniel Olin. He had already built a dam for the new mill the previous year. Anticipating the effects of the coming Civil War, Dunham and Ives had started stockpiling raw cotton in the 1850s and were later able to use the proceeds from the sale of cotton thread during the war to erect Mill No. 2, as well as worker housing. In 1872, dormer windows were added to the mill to urn the attic into a usable workspace. These windows were removed after they were damaged in the Hurricane of 1938. More buildings would be added to the mill complex over the years, with several structures being connected to Mill No. 2: the Dye House on the west and the Wheel House and Machine Shop on the south were built in 1864. The Store House & Inspection Building was built on the east side in 1872. The Bleachery (later also called the Dye House) was attached on the west side of the 1864 Dye House in 1883. The result was an extended façade of connected mill buildings that extends over 700 feet. In 1898 the mills were taken over by the American Thread Company. Mill operations ceased in 1895. The complex, located at 322 Main Street in Willimantic, has been redeveloped as the Windham Mills Business Center.
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The Willimantic Linen Company was founded in 1854 by Austin Dunham (1805-1877) and Lawson Ives (1804-1867). The company acquired the old Jillson cotton mill in Willimantic with the intention of producing linen, but soon switched exclusively to cotton manufacturing. In 1857, the company erected its first mill building north of the Willimantic River, at the current address of 480 Main Street. Later known as Mill No. 1, it was constructed of locally quarried gneiss by builder was Nathaniel Olin. That same year the company erected an accompanying dam and a stone arch bridge, known as the Windham Road Bridge, on the east side of the mill. Built by Lyman Jordan and Nathaniel Olin, the bridge is now Windham Garden on the Bridge, part of Windham Mills State Heritage Park. The mill building was expanded with an addition on the west side in 1878. The company would expand over the years into a mill complex of many buildings, which were eventually taken under over by the American Thread Company in 1898. Textile production came to an end in 1985. The former Mill No. 1 was converted c. 2003 to become ArtSpace, a housing facility with a community art gallery. The building’s dormer windows were removed at that time.
In 1822, Deacon Charles Lee acquired the rights to erect a cotton mill on the east side of what is now Bridge Street in Willimantic. The mill was acquired in 1845 by two men from Rhode Island, Amos and James Smith, who renamed it the Smithville Manufacturing Company. In 1828, three men from Rhode Island, Mathew Watson, and Nathan and Arunah Tingley, erected another cotton mill, called the Windham Manufacturing Company, on the west side of Bridge Street. The Smithville and Windham mills, on either side of Bridge Street, would merge in 1907. The company would later be named the Quidnik-Windham Manufacturing Company. The stone mill buildings do not survive today, but some of the worker housing and a former company store, remain standing. An assessor’s record dates the store to c. 1850, although it may have been constructed in the 1820s by Deacon Lee himself. It may also have been the Windham Manufacturing Company store that was owned by George M. Harrington from 1874 to 1883. Located at 24 Bridge Street, the store is built of ashlar granite, with alternating courses of wide and narrow stone. The south gable-end of the building has large loading bay windows facing the adjacent railroad tracks.
Completed in 1913, the Willimantic Armory is an excellent example of the castellated architectural style, also called the medieval castle revival style, which was typical of armories built in Connecticut during the first fifteen years of the twentieth century. The state legislature granted the community’s request for an armory in 1911, although some felt that military construction at the time already exceeded the state’s needs. The Willimantic request had already been postponed in 1909 due to the large number of requests for armories at the time. The Willimantic Armory, located at 255 Pleasant Street, was designed by Whiton and MacMahon of Hartford (the same firm designed such buildings as the Corning Building and St. Justin Church, both in Hartford). After World War II, Willimantic’s military company, by then designated Company B, 169th Infantry, continued to use the armory until the early 1960s. It was then used by the 248th Engineering company until 1980, when the company was moved to a new facility in Norwich and the Willimantic site was deactivated. The Armory was converted into apartments in the 1980s.
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